Evidence of the 1762 Arakan and Prior Earthquakes in the Northern Sunda Subduction

The objective of this dissertation is to understand the seismic hazard associated with Arakan segment of the northern Sunda subduction along SE Bangladesh. In order to do that, it is necessary to document geologic evidence for the 1762 Arakan earthquake and prior events, to help estimate the recurrence interval (repeat time) for that earthquake. Historical records described that the 1762 earthquake caused extensive damage along the Arakan segment of the Sunda subduction system. But the geologic evidence for the earthquake farther north is necessary to better understand its associated seismic hazard to the densely populated nation of Bangladesh. This dissertation presents the results obtained from U/Th dating of the dead and live coral microatolls including their elevations measured by high precision GPS from the Saint Martin’s Island, DEM analysis and elevation of terraces from Teknaf coast and fault dislocation modeling based on the data obtained from the Saint Martin’s Island and Teknaf. Coral microatolls from Saint Martin’s island documents the evidence of the 1762 and prior earthquakes. The U/Th ages documents strong evidence of microatoll die offs related to the 1762 earthquake. The \u3e2 m elevation difference between the dead microatolls and present-day living corals suggest that the microatolls died due to the coseismic uplift of 1762 Arakan earthquake. This dissertation also provides evidence for two additional earthquakes taking place in ~700 and ~1140 C.E. which suggests an earthquake recurrence interval of ~500 years. Geomorphic studies documented three terraces along the coast of Teknaf. Several marine terraces have been previously documented along the west coast of Myanmar. The youngest of these terraces has been correlated to the coseismic uplift of 1762 Arakan along the Myanmar coast. The terraces along the coast of Teknaf are characterized by flat to semi-flat surfaces followed by sharp topographic rises. DEM (Digital Elevation System) analysis and GPS (Global Positioning System) survey documented 2 to 3 terraces. Among these three, the youngest terrace is possibly linked to the 1762 Arakan Earthquake but the ages have not been verified. Modeling using the data obtained from Saint Martin’s Island, Teknaf and other published articles (for the west coast of Teknaf) suggest a fault dipping at 10-15° to the northeast. The result of coseismic slip inversion shows 15 - 25 m of reverse slip along the Arakan rupture segment, which was accommodated by the upper plate failure. Based on our results from coral microatolls, terraces and the modeling study, this dissertation suggests that this segment of the Arakan collision zone has the potential to cause a future earthquake of Mw\u3e8 which can produce a devastating effect to the inhabitants of Bangladesh, Myanmar and Eastern India

Morphological Network: How Far Can We Go with Morphological Neurons?

In recent years, the idea of using morphological operations as networks has received much attention. Mathematical morphology provides very efficient and useful image processing and image analysis tools based on basic operators like dilation and erosion, defined in terms of kernels. Many other morphological operations are built up using the dilation and erosion operations. Although the learning of structuring elements such as dilation or erosion using the backpropagation algorithm is not new, the order and the way these morphological operations are used is not standard. In this paper, we have theoretically analyzed the use of morphological operations for processing 1D feature vectors and shown that this gets extended to the 2D case in a simple manner. Our theoretical results show that a morphological block represents a sum of hinge functions. Hinge functions are used in many places for classification and regression tasks (Breiman (1993)). We have also proved a universal approximation theorem -- a stack of two morphological blocks can approximate any continuous function over arbitrary compact sets. To experimentally validate the efficacy of this network in real-life applications, we have evaluated its performance on satellite image classification datasets since morphological operations are very sensitive to geometrical shapes and structures. We have also shown results on a few tasks like segmentation of blood vessels from fundus images, segmentation of lungs from chest x-ray and image dehazing. The results are encouraging and further establishes the potential of morphological networks.Comment: 35 pages, 19 figures, 7 table

Invasive mole presenting as acute abdomen

We reporting this case as acute abdomen and admitted into the surgical ward. The patient was in shock due to hemoperitonium and emergency laparotomy done and found that it was a perforating molar pregnancy. Total hysterectomy done, five units blood transfusion done. β hCG levels regress quickly and spontaneously

Prevalence of thinness among the adolescent girls (age group 13yrs-18yrs) of Garhkhal Village of Himachal Pradesh, India.

Malnutrition has now been redefined in terms of “under nutrition” and conceptualized in terms of thinness which is an important problem among children and adolescents in rural areas of developing countries like India. Therefore, present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of thinness among the adolescent girls (age group 13yrs-18yrs) of Garhkhal Village of Himachal Pradesh, India. The study design was cross-sectional. Height and weight were measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) was carried out. Identification of thinness was done according to the new International BMI-based classification cut offs as given by Cole et al., 2007. In general the mean BMI increased with increasing age. Overall age-combined prevalence was 79.5%. Present study indicated the poor health status of the adolescent girls of the selected area which indicates the high nutritional stress among them as evident from the thinness prevalent among them

A Cloud Based Secure Voting System using Homomorphic Encryption for Android Platform

Cloud based service provider are at its top of its services for various applications, as their services are very much reachable from anywhere anytime in current days. It is responsibility of the company that the Cloud storage is owned and maintained by themselves keeping the data available and accessible, and the physical environment protected and running. Could storage provider seem to be uncertain of confidentiality in many cases, as we need to limit ourselves on trust to a third party. Keeping our sensitive data ready to access any time anywhere with preventing any information leakage is a challenging task. Cryptography in this scenario plays an important role, providing security for information to protect valuable information resources on intranets, Internet and the cloud. In addition, Homomorphic cryptosystem is a form of Cryptography where some specific computation can be performed over the cipher text producing a resultant cipher text which, when decrypted, equals the result of operations carry out on the plaintext. With help of this unique property of homomorphism cryptography we proposed a system to keep sensitive information in encrypted form in the cloud storage/service provider and used those data as whenever we require. The scheme proposed here is designed for a secure online voting system on Android platform and voted information is encrypted and stored those in the cloud

Earliest use of initial prophylactic dose of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) in severe pre-eclampsia to improve maternal and perinatal outcome, in a rural medical college, WB, India

Background: Eclampsia is one of the high risk obstetric complication throughout the world. Till today, eclampsia is one of the important cause of maternal mortality in our country. However the administration of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) has changed the scenario significantly.  Methods: The study includes 100 patients with severe pre-eclampsia admitted Malda medical college hospital, from 1st June 2013 to 30th April 2014. This study compares the maternal fatal outcome between two groups of patients with severe pre-eclampsia (BP ≥160/110 mm. proteinuria 2 gm/24 hours. or ≥2 + dipstick.). The first group of patients were admitted in this institution after being referred from primary and secondary health care facilities, after getting initial prophylactic dose of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) (Group A). The second group (Group B) includes those patients who were admitted without getting any prophylactic dose of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) from outside.Results: Patients were included, in group A, eclampsia and maternal mortality were nil. Where as in group B eight (8) patients (16%) had eclampsia and 4 patents (8%) expired.Conclusions: Initial dose prophylactic magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) the earliest, can prevent both maternal perinatal maternal mortality. So, prophylactic magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) must be started at the first point of contact by trained health providers

Giant electrostriction in bulk RE (III) substituted CeO2: effect of RE 3+ and its concentration

Recent discovery of giant electrostriction in rare earth (RE (III)) substituted ceria (CeO2) thin films driven by electroactive defect complexes and their coordinated elastic response, expands the material spectrum for electrostrain applications beyond the conventional piezoelectric materials. Especially Gd substituted CeO2, with Gd concentration >10% seems to be an ideal material to obtain such large electrostrain response. However, there are not many experimental studies that systematically investigate the effect of RE (III) ion-defect interaction and RE concentration on electrostriction. Here we perform structure-property correlation studies in bulk ceramics of RE3+ substituted ceria doped with RE=Y, La and Gd at various concentrations upto a maximum of 20%, to understand the features responsible for giant electrostriction. Our results show that Y substituted ceria, with atleast 20% Y substitution, is clearly both a giant M and a Q electrostrictor at low frequencies (<20 Hz), and this correlates with the unique attractive defect-dopant interaction of Y with oxygen vacancies. La has a repulsive interaction with oxygen vacancies, and La doped ceria at all the studied compositions (upto 20%) does not show giant electrostiction. Gd has a neutral interaction, and only 20% Gd doped ceria at best falls at the border of classification between giant and non-giant electrostrictors at frequencies <0.05 Hz. Our work takes a step back from thin-films and assesses the fundamental defect features required in the design of giant electrostrictors.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure